Definition and Examples of Minimal Attachment Principle

Essay about Love and Hate in the Poems Havisham and The...

The poems Havisham and The Laboratory teach us that love and hatred are two of the most powerful yet contrasting emotions in this world. In both the poems they are loving to hate and hating to love. This means that when love is given it leaves us vulnerable , and if the love is not returned then it can turn to hate as quick as boiling water to steam. For both women in the poem have been rejected from their men mentally and physically, leaving them nothing but pain and the overwhelming desire of revengence. Both poems are written in the first person giving it a dramatic monologue. The poem; The Laboratory is about a woman who has found out that her husband has been cheating on her with another woman. She goes to the apothecary to get†¦show more content†¦And that her eyes have shrunk and her hands have ropes on the back of them that she could strangle with; which links to the theme of murder and killing. There are comparisons and contrasts in these poems. Examples are used in many different ways. Such as they both use oxymorons; Beloved sweetheart bastard and in the Laboratory on how she Loves to hate. These expressions and words are used to show how angry and how much hatred they have against there men, and what they have done too them. Also in both poems colours are used to describe the way the women are feeling. In Havisham Carol Ann Duffy describes the mans eyes as Dark green pebbles this choice of colour emphasises the anger and the violence she has in her. In the Laboratory the woman uses opposite colours to describe the way she feels; And yonder soft phial, the exquisite blue. Here she is describing the poison and the sick, twisted and insane relationship she has between it to kill her husbands woman on the side. Alliteration is also used in both poems Havisham and The Laboratory. In Havisham at the end the phrase b-b-b-breaks is used. Its not only the heart that breaks, its what rejection has done to her, and its like she is about to break down and cry. In the laboratory she uses phrases like Moisten and mash up thy paste and Pound at thy powder. These phrases are used to express the rage of anger she encounters. The two women desire different things in the poems

History of Psychological Assessment Free Essays

Psychological assessment is considered one of the most important functions in applied psychology. In psychological assessment, the practitioner uses observation, interviews, and psychological tests to gain information about the client’s personality characteristics, symptoms, and problems in order to arrive at practical decisions about their behavior. In an assessment study, the practitioner identifies the main sources of clients’ problems and attempts to predict the likely course of events under various conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Psychological Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychological assessment is similar to psychological testing, but usually involves a more comprehensive assessment of the individual. Psychological assessment is a process that involves the integration of information from multiple sources, such as tests of normal and abnormal personality, tests of ability or intelligence, tests of interests or attitudes, as well as information from personal interviews (www. en. wikipedia. org). Psychological assessment refers to scientific methods psychologists often use to understand the human personality. When combined with information from interviews, observations, and other sources, assessments can help clients explore new and more effective ways of resolving human problems (Cantley, 2008, p. 1). History of psychological assessment The history of psychological and educational testing is a relatively short one, extending just more than 100 years. The term mental test was first used in print in 1890 by James McKeen Cattell (1890). This history is one in which necessity repeatedly begets innovation. Problems in the French schools, during a period that could be described as the advent of public ducation, where teachers first had to deal with larger class sizes comprising students with diverse backgrounds, encouraged Alfred Binet to construct what most individuals consider to be the first modem intelligence test. I use the term modem because it is reported that Chinese society around 2200 B. C. E. was a â€Å"test-dominated society† (Thorndike Lohman, 1990, p. 1). At that time in China, various civil service positions were distributed by means of formal assessments of the skills of various, privileged applicants (Geisinger, 2000, p. 117). Exploring my selected event On our â€Å"History of Psychological Assessment Paper†, there are four different events and I chose the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a widely used personality inventory intended to uncover a subject’s unconscious attitudes; the subject indicates agreement or disagreement with various statements and the results are scored in such a way as to assess personality. (Developed at the University of Minnesota). Historical Roots of MMPI  The original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was developed in 1939 (Groth Marnat, Handbook of Psychological Assessment, 2009) using an empirical keying approach, which means that the clinical scales were derived by selecting items that were endorsed by patients known to have been diagnosed with certain pathologies. The difference between this approach and other test development strategies used around that time was that it was atheoretical (not based on particular theory) and thus the initial test was not aligned with the prevailing psychodynamic theories of that time. The atheoretical approach to MMPI development ostensibly enabled the test to capture aspects of human psychopathology that were recognizable and meaningful despite changes in clinical theories. However because the MMPI scales were created based on a group with known psychopathologies, the scales themselves are not atheoretical by way of using the participants’ clinical diagnoses to determine the scales’ contents. Explain why the event is significant Why I think the event is significant because the MMPI-2 is most commonly used by mental health professionals to assess and diagnose mental illness. The MMPI-2 has been used in other fields outside of clinical psychology. The test is often used in legal cases, including criminal defense, and custody disputes. The test has also been used as screening instrument for certain professions, especially high risk jobs, although the use of MMPI in this manner has been controversial. The test is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment programs, including substance abuse programs is why I think that the even is important. How has MMPI affected the development of psychological testing in the 21st century? I do not think that MMPI will affect the development of psychological testing in the 21st century because Kaplan and Saccuzzo (2009) stated that, â€Å"In structured personality testing, the MMPI-2 appears destined to be the premier test of the 21st century. This favorable prediction for MMPI-2 is a turn-about from the 1982 prediction made in the first edition of this book. We had not anticipated the innovative approach of Butcher and colleagues in dealing with the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory’s inadequate normative sample. Thus, future prospects for the MMPI-2 are indeed bright (p. 602). Summary Psychological assessment is one of the most important and complex activities undertaken by clinical psychologists. The goals of psychological assessment include describing the individual’s symptoms, identifying possible causes, evaluating the severity of the problem, and exploring the individual’s personal resources, which might be valuable in the decisions to be made. The future of psychological testing depends on many issues and developments. Professional issues include theoretical concerns, such as the usefulness of the trait concept as opposed to index of adjustment, the adequacy of tests, and actuarial versus clinical prediction. Moral issues include human rights such as the right to refuse testing, the right not to be labeled, and the right to privacy (Kaplan Saccuzzo, 2009, p. 603). How to cite History of Psychological Assessment, Essay examples

Accounting conceptual framework Essay Example For Students

Accounting conceptual framework Essay Outline1 Question 1 ( A )2 Question 1 ( B )3 Question 1 ( C )4 Question 1 ( D )5 Question 2 Question 1 ( A ) There are a batch of intents of an accounting conceptual model. The chief intent of fiscal describing under this accounting conceptual model is non to assist direction to do determinations, or calculate nonexempt income and etc. ( Alexander A ; Nobes, 2007 ) However, the intent of accounting conceptual model is act as a model for puting accounting criterions. It act as a guideline to the Board in developing accounting criterions, yet is besides as a usher to deciding accounting issues which is non stated straight in an International Accounting Standard or International Financial Reporting Standard or Interpretation. Besides, harmonizing to Arnold A ; Hope the intent of conceptual model is to assist to cut down the influence of personal prejudices and political force per unit areas on accounting judgements. Other than that, the intent is to cut down cost of analysis and aid to decide accounting differences. Other than that, it identifies the qualitative feature that make information in fiscal statement useful and it provides constructs of capital care therefore it aid to increase the user assurance will fix and show the fiscal study which all information needed had clarify clearly. So, an accounting conceptual model chief intent is to steer the criterion compositors when they are composing or revising accounting criterion. ( Alexander A ; Nobes, 2007 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/13202 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm Question 1 ( B ) One of the feature is relevancy, the information in the IASB model must be relevant to it aim so that the information would be utile to the user. This is because ; the information in the model is to assist the users to do better economic determinations. By supplying relevancy information in the balance sheet and income statement, the users could measure the base on balls and nowadays or future events of corroborating or rectifying their base on balls rating based on the future net hard currency influxs. For illustration, the information would be out of day of the month due to it printing one time a twelvemonth, therefore the dependability of the information would be slow down and it would impact the users or investor determination. Other so relevancy, dependability is besides need in the IASB Framework. In order for the information to be utile the information must be dependable and must be possible for user to depend on it to do better determination. It must be free from mistake and prejudice and must be faithful representation of the real- universe economic phenomena. This is because to avoid the users of fiscal statement being misled by the contents of the statement, such as dealing, assets and liabilities should be shown in such manner as to stand for every bit good as possible what underlies them. For illustration, a balance sheet should non demo an point under the header of liability unless it meets the definition of a liability. So, in order to be faithful representation it requires completeness, non subordinating substance to organize, and neutrality. Besides, a faithful representation of a dealing is merely possible if the minutess and other events are accounted for a presented in harmonizing with their substance and economic world non simply their legal signifier. ( BPP, 2008 ) In other words, it means that if one party sells of the assets to another party, the gross revenues papers may enter that legal ownership has been transferred. However, if the understanding exist the party sold off the plus and go oning basking the future economic benefit from the plus so the substance over signifier has non taken topographic point. For an illustration, if an entity sold of the machine to the other party, and instantly leaseback for use for most of it life. Neutrality needs to be taken topographic point in order for the information to be dependable. The information must liberate from prejudice if non it will act upon the user to do a judgements or determination for future use. On the other manus, comprehensibility is besides one of the qualitative features of fiscal information that presently included in IASB model. The information in the fiscal statement should be easy apprehensible for the internal users and the external user. The users of fiscal statements are assumed to hold some concern, economic and accounting cognition and able to analyze the information decently. Harmonizing to BPP, complex affairs should non be left out of fiscal statement merely due to its trouble if is relevant information. Therefore, relevant information should non be excluded due to it is excessively complex or to hard for users to understand and the model should include the givens on the capablenesss of fiscal statements users and besides the capableness of fiscal statement preparers and hearers. ( IASB.ORG, 2005 ) The Cuban Missile Crisis EssayTherefore, it is acceptable to go from an accounting criterion, if the entity follow the full measure and supply information which is required. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.faqs.org/abstracts/Business/True-and-Fair-Rules-Some-Australian-Observations-Setting-accounting-standards-some-lessons-from-the-.html # ixzz0g9THEAMR Question 2 There are many issues that are raised during the procedure of harmonisation of accounting criterion. During the harmonisation procedure several issues arise like different in civilization, political relations, economic system and sociological behaviour, deficiency of strong accounting and etc. One of the issues had risen is there is different intent of fiscal coverage for different state. In some states the fiscal intent is for revenue enhancement appraisal while in other states their intent is for investor decision-making. Therefore when harmonising the accounting criterion this issue risen. For illustration, largely states like Malaysia their fiscal intent is for investor decision-making therefore it did non impact these states much but it affected other states which their fiscal intent is for revenue enhancement appraisal. At the same clip, during the procedure of harmonisation the patriotism issues originate. Some states are unwilling to accept other s state system and replace their ain accounting ordinance while some states are wary of yielding control of their accounting ordinance to foreigners. Besides, the other issues arise is there is different demands and deficiency of strong accounting organic structures in developing states. ( BPP, 2008 ) State like Malaysia i s during the underdeveloped phase evidently is behind the standard scene procedure and deficiency of strong independent accounting could press for better criterion of harmonisation. At the same clip, another issue is the different demands of the big multinationals and smaller concern entities in devolving state prevent the procedure of harmonisation arise excessively. There is other issues originate every bit good as there is different user groups could hold different demands in different states. Different states have different thoughts about their several importance. For illustration, in USA the investors and creditor groups are more importance to them while in Europe they enjoy a higher net income. ( BBP, 2008 ) . Furthermore, due to there is different civilization in different state therefore the other issue arises which the aim for accounting system go different differing from one state to another state. In my point of position I agree with merely one accounting criterion for all states. This is because is will be easier for comptrollers to fix the fiscal statement as there is merely one manner of readying for fiscal study. Besides, it will be easier for the comparison of international fiscal information, as the internal users could compare their net income with their rival. Besides, it besides will cut down the audit costs this is because the comptroller could salvage cost as they do nt necessitate to hypertext transfer protocol: //www.echeat.com/essay.php? t=26969 Harmonization would salvage clip and money that is presently spent to consolidate divergent fiscal information when more than one set of studies is required to follow with the different national Torahs or pattern.