Liberalism, A Common Ideologies, Social Democracy And...

Liberalism is one of the two most common ideologies in the United States, with the other being conservatism, and the ideology that I identify with the most. The other two common ideologies, social democracy and libertarianism, are not brought up as often in politics, and as such, I will be talking about them minimally. According to the textbook, By The People: Debating American Government, liberalism is, â€Å"[rejecting] the idea that public officials should interfere in people’s private lives,† and being, â€Å"all for active government when it comes to economic policy or corporate regulation.†(Morone, Kersh, 2016, p.36). Liberalism is, in my words, the belief that government has little need to restrict certain behaviors or actions in the lives of its citizens, but instead that the time and money that would be spent on restricting these should go towards helping the economy or regulating the actions of companies. Some efforts that liberals have been working to wards are protecting the environment, limiting the actions of banks, and creating more government programs to help people who need it, or at least increasing funding for said programs. Liberals tend to work towards equality for all, whether it be equality of genders, of race, or minimizing the gaps between socioeconomic classes. Liberals are more accepting to new areas of science and new breakthroughs in science than conservatives, and science is the general path I see my life going on. As such, I feel like I fit in muchShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Political Ideologies684 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s an understatement to say our ideology shapes the way we live our lives every day. It affects the way we view and react to different people. Ideology is a set of beliefs that affects our outlook on the entire world. Most of the time ideology refers to a set of political beliefs or a set of ideas that relate to religious views. In a simpler meaning, ideology means having a views or opinions based on your ideas of that thing. The Republican ideology today is based on conservatism. They believeRead More The Conservative Movement Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pages and supporting republicanism. American conservatism has been characterized by competing ideologies and tension throughout history. The Americans who are politically liberal and economically conservative favor free trade, minimal state intervention, low taxes, and a small government. On the other hand, conservatives hold the view that American traditional values are normally undermined by secularism. Social conservatives have always opposed same-sex marriages and abortion, and instead have been supportingRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 PagesWorld Order  or  NWO  refers to the emergence of a  bureaucratic collectivist  one-world government.[2][3][4][5][6] The common theme in conspiracy theories about a New World Order is that a secretive  power elite  with a  globalist  agenda is  conspiring  to eventually rule the world through an  authoritarian  world government, which replaces  sovereign  nation-states, and an all-embracing  ideology, which indoctrinates  cosmopolitanism. Significant occurrences in  politics  and  finance  are speculated to be orchestrated

Romeo and Juliet Compare and Contrast Free Essays

Compare and Contrast â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is a story about two star crossed lovers who meet by fate. This great piece of literature written, by William Shakespeare will be compared with Baz Lurman’s rendition of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†. The movie missed some details from the play it also added some extra scenes but it still contained the right mood and scenes for it to be a â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† movie. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Compare and Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now A major similarity between the movie and play occurs in mood. An example of this is the marriage scene. In the marriage scene of the play, Romeo and Juliet act very serious. The reader can tell this by the way the two speak. Romeo says that the Holy Words the Friar speaks can make something without an equal which is a very intelligent thing to say. Similarly in the movie Romeo and Juliet both act serious. This is shown through there clothes, faces, and by the way they act. Romeo wears a suit, and Juliet wears a beautiful dress. Also you can tell by there faces that they look determined to get married and they both act very professional their not jumping around like 5 years olds their acting how people should be when they are getting married. A humongous difference between the play and movie is that Romeo is being chased by the police as he is making his way to Juliet’s resting place. In the play this never even happened he just got on a horse and went to the place. Lurman had to include put a chase in there, but that’s just one weird thing in this scene the other one is that Romeo takes a hostage because he gets surrounded by the police.This part was probably not expected by a lot people. Another deference is the ending of both the play and movie. In the play thinking that Juliet is dead, Romeo drinks some poison. When Juliet wakes up and discovering Romeo died she stabs herself with his dagger. They both lie next to each other, dead, and Juliet has yet another funeral, and Romeo has one too. Their families bury their differences and end their long feud. They also built a gold statue to honour Rome and Juliet.In contrast the movie ends with Romeo finding Juliet dead so he drinks the poison but this time Juliet wakes up: but Romeo has already drunken the poison so Juliet shoots her self in the head. Some people were not too happy about that. In conclusion the movie contained the necessary elements for it to be a fairly good adaptation of William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† but it missed details from the play and added a few details which may not be liked by all audiences. Both the play and movie are great. How to cite Romeo and Juliet Compare and Contrast, Papers

Asylum Seekers in Australia

Question: Discuss about theAsylum Seekers in Australia. Answer: Tutorial Debate: Mental Health/Aged Care: The aged people need sufficient medical care and so they need a proper health care institute which can provide them with utmost special needs and medical requirements. The refugees or the asylum seekers are being neglected in Australia and are being abused with a fear that they can harm the innocent people and can create a mess. The Australian government has failed to address any such law regarding the serious abuses and neglect that the Australians pose towards these asylum seekers (Bretherton Balvin, 2012). Hence transferring these detainees in the Australian health institutions might pose a life-threatening risk in the entire Australian community. In this context, it has been highlighted how the asylum seekers who are aged need to be transferred to the health institutions in Australia where they can be able to receive necessary and essential care treatment and medication whenever required. It is widely predominant that the aged people who are being forced to leave their country and are pushed to offshore detention centres as refugees, but are yet to be considered as refugees, fail to receive necessary medical help. As a matter of fact, the individuals become depressed and tend to harm own-selves which might even hamper their lives permanently. It has been perceived that lack of proper medical help or treatment has led many asylum seekers to commit suicide and harm themselves (Briskman, Goddard, Latham, 2008). In the offshore detention centres, they are not taken proper care of and as such depression and disabilities surround their lives and minds leading them to cause harm to themselves. Thus it is of utmost importance that these patients must be moved to the proper well recognised health care institutions in Australia where medical help can be properly provided to them. But on the contrary, some negative aspects in transferring these patients to the Australian health care homes can be highlighted. Many nurses might not have the skills to handle these patients which might be a problem for them. In fact, some medical institutions might not even have adequate remedial or precautionary measures that can help these asylum seekers to overcome their problems (Healey, 2013). The asylum seekers, as reported recently in The Sydney Morning Herald, have bashed their heads on walls and have also swallowed insect repellent due to depression. Thus the nurses of the Australian health care institutions might not be able to tackle these people, which can decrease the reputation and well being the care homes. Not only that, it has also been perceived that fresh questions have been raised over the implications of human rights of the tough border protection regime of Australia. But there is a positive side too. If the Australian health care institutions make space for these asylum seekers, then it can help the care homes to showcase their generosity and responsibilities towards these people thereby enabling them to gain recognition in the entire community. Whereas, the others argue that making way for the detainees can create conflicts and can hamper the other health related operations of the care institutions (Provera, 2013). Since there have been many detainees who tried to injure themselves being depressed and even attempted to commit suicide, the health care institutions do not want to take the risk of allowing these asylum seekers in their care home. They also feel that due to depression, they are harming themselves. But in the care institutions, when these asylum seekers will be around so many patients, it cannot be ascertained that the asylum seekers will not harm them. Hence as per the arguers, this can be a risk for the lives of the patients. The concept of liberalism has greatly affected the nursing education as depicted in the nursing literature from the year 1893 to 1923. The literature strongly focuses upon what does the nursing educators believe regarding the nature of the liberal education. Liberalism plays quite a significant role in the nursing education that indicates towards preserving the rights of every individual. In this case, it should not be forgotten that the asylum seekers also have the right to live their lives freely as per their terms. In order to do so, the nurses must aim at transferring the asylum seekers to the Australian health care institutions for providing them with all sorts of medical help and other care services (McNeill, 2003). The concept of deontology refers to the binding duty, which means the nurse have a certain duty to look after the individuals who need their support and help. Similarly the asylum seekers also need help from the nurses which they are likely to provide to them. On su ch note, according to the guidelines and nursing code of ethics, the nurses of the Australian health institutions must devote themselves in delivering care services to the asylum seekers. Being in the sub-par countries, it becomes difficult for the nurses to render proper treatment to the asylum seekers. As a matter of fact, the patients feel ignorant and neglected. Hence it is necessary to transfer the patients in the health institutions of Australia. References Bretherton, D. Balvin, N. (2012). Peace psychology in Australia. New York: Springer. Briskman, L., Goddard, C., Latham, S. (2008). Human rights overboard. Carlton North, Vic.: Scribe. Healey, J. (2013). Asylum seekers and immigration detention. Thirroul: The Spinney Press. McNeill, P. M. (2003). Public health ethics: asylum seekers and the case for political action.Bioethics,17, 487-503. Provera, M. (2013). The detention of asylum seekers in the European Union and Australia. Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers.

The Loss Of A President Essays - CubaUnited States Relations

The Loss Of A President November 22, 1963: The Loss of A President On November 22, 1963 at 12:30 P.M., the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, was shot and killed while riding through the streets of Dallas, Texas in an open limousine with wife Jackie Kennedy, and Governor John Connally. This single event in history has created more controversy than any other. Still today, more than 27 years after the shooting, there is still speculation as to who killed John F. Kennedy. Today, so many possible theories remain, it is hard to determine what actually happened. Today many people believe that it was Lee Harvey Oswald that killed JFK. They believe that he was just a lone nut acting out of his own feelings, and he was not influenced by anyone else. Many others believe there was a conspiracy set up by the CIA to kill President Kennedy, and others believe that it was Communist Russians. In my paper I will try to explain some of the theories as clear as possible, and let you decide for yourself what you believe happened November 22, 1963. If Lee Harvey Oswald was not the assassin as thought, who else would possibly want the president dead? The Mafia Anti-Castro Cubans The CIA Communist Russians. When John F. Kennedy became president, he had many great ambitions. He wanted to pull more troops out of Vietnam and lessen the war effort, cut back on organized crime, end the Cuban Missile Crisis, and limit the power of the CIA. With these ambitions it is no surprise he made so many new enemies, some even being in the US government itself. Many of these new enemies he had found were very powerful, and would stop at nothing to see his new ways come to an end, even if it meant killing him. Shortly after the incident, the government founded the Warren Commission, and a government investigation began on the assassination. The Warren Commission was a group made of outstanding citizens to ascertain, evaluate and report upon the facts relating to the assassination ... and the subsequent violent death of the man charged with the assassination Lee Harvey Oswald. The Commission was instructed by the government to examine evidence brought forth to them by the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), or and any other organization or person. With the examination of the evidence, the Commission was then to make a decision on exactly what occurred that day. In under a week the Commission was able to come to the conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswold was the lone assassin of the president. His actions were based on his personal instincts, and he was not working in anyway for any person or organization, whether it being a government agency or personnel. It was determined by the Commission that Oswold fired three shots at President Kennedy from the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository. The three shots were fired in a time period of 5.6 seconds, using a bolt-action 6.5 Italian Carbine rifle. The first shot Oswald fired was the magic bullet. The bullet was fired from Oswalds gun downward at a 17 degree angle, and hit Kennedy about halfway down his back. The bullet then moved upward where it exits through Kennedys throat, and then turns right and hits Connally behind his right armpit. It then moves downward, breaking and fragmenting part of his fifth rib, and then exits his chest from the right side. Then the bullet enters Connallys wrist and severs the Ulna nerve, exits his wrist and then gets lodged in Connallys thigh. All together the magic bullet made 7 wounds on President Kennedy and Governor Connally. The second shot fired missed Kennedy completely and hit an unsuspecting bystander, badly wounding him in the cheek. The third shot taken hit Kennedy in the back of the head, fatally wounding him. Many people believe this theory to be true, but still others are skeptical, and for good reason. On November 23, the paraffin test performed on Oswald came out negative for his right cheek but positive for his hands. The results of this test show that it is highly unlikely that Oswald had recently fired a gun. Also, no one had seen Oswald on the 6th floor of the Texas School Book Depository after 11:55 A.M. At roughly 12:31, 90 seconds after the shooting had taken place, Oswald was seen on the second floor of the building. This means that in under 90 seconds, Oswald would have

Free Essays on After School Activities

After-School: Parental Involvement in Low-Income Neighborhoods Introduction: This document is in support of after-school activities in low-income neighborhoods that benefit from parental participation. After school programs that have parental involvement; are more successful, as indicated through psychological research (and ethnographies) that convey the significance of parenting styles and practices- especially in impoverished urban neighborhoods. It is in these seamlessly â€Å"impossible† settings, parents chosen rearing styles for children; determine the child’s eventual outcome and role in society. In western society, parenting styles differ from that of other cultures; however, it is the western society parenting styles in rough crime ridden neighborhoods whose parents face the toughest of obstacles. To assist in overcoming the tasks that low-income parenting presents, a child should participate in out-of-school activities that will be enriching in the child’s development. In impoverished neighborhoods, it is more of a need for both parental involvement (strategies) utilizing after-school programming, in overcoming the (negative) impoverished environment a child lives in; probably intensified and more difficult via single parenting. Of equal significance is social policy (geared toward after-school programming) in a Euro-American public educational system. In deed the role that the American government and politics plays, is major. In low-income neighborhoods where â€Å"at-risk† youth become involved in gangs or selling drugs in cities such as South East, Washington, D.C., after school programs- more specifically extra-curricular activities, prevent children from falling astray. If they don’t have alternative activities, children who are considered to be low-income school-aged-children are unlikely to develop into high school graduates, followed by college graduation, and even more importantly keep kids invo... Free Essays on After School Activities Free Essays on After School Activities After-School: Parental Involvement in Low-Income Neighborhoods Introduction: This document is in support of after-school activities in low-income neighborhoods that benefit from parental participation. After school programs that have parental involvement; are more successful, as indicated through psychological research (and ethnographies) that convey the significance of parenting styles and practices- especially in impoverished urban neighborhoods. It is in these seamlessly â€Å"impossible† settings, parents chosen rearing styles for children; determine the child’s eventual outcome and role in society. In western society, parenting styles differ from that of other cultures; however, it is the western society parenting styles in rough crime ridden neighborhoods whose parents face the toughest of obstacles. To assist in overcoming the tasks that low-income parenting presents, a child should participate in out-of-school activities that will be enriching in the child’s development. In impoverished neighborhoods, it is more of a need for both parental involvement (strategies) utilizing after-school programming, in overcoming the (negative) impoverished environment a child lives in; probably intensified and more difficult via single parenting. Of equal significance is social policy (geared toward after-school programming) in a Euro-American public educational system. In deed the role that the American government and politics plays, is major. In low-income neighborhoods where â€Å"at-risk† youth become involved in gangs or selling drugs in cities such as South East, Washington, D.C., after school programs- more specifically extra-curricular activities, prevent children from falling astray. If they don’t have alternative activities, children who are considered to be low-income school-aged-children are unlikely to develop into high school graduates, followed by college graduation, and even more importantly keep kids invo...

Difference Between Form1.Hide and Unload Me in VB 6

Difference Between Form1.Hide and Unload Me in VB 6 Hide and Unload are techniques in Visual  Basic 6- VB.NET does things differently. In VB6, you can see the difference clearly by creating a form with a CommandButton component and a test statement in the Click event. Note that these two statements are mutually exclusive, so only one can be tested at a time. Visual Basic 6 Unload Statement The Unload statement removes the form from memory. In most simple VB6 projects, Form1 is the startup object so the program stops running too. To prove this, code the first program with Unload. Private Sub Command1_Click()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unload MeEnd Sub When the button is clicked in this project, the program stops. Visual Basic 6Hide Statement To demonstrate  Hide, run this code in VB6 so the Hide method of Form1 is executed. Private Sub Command1_Click()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form1.HideEnd Sub Notice that Form1 disappears from the screen, but the square End icon on the Debug toolbar shows  the project is still active. If youre in doubt, the Windows Task Manager that is displayed with CtrlAltDel shows the project is still in Run mode. Communicating With a Hidden Form The Hide method only removes the form from the screen. Nothing else changes. For example, another process can still communicate with objects on the form after the Hide method is called. Heres a program that demonstrates that. Add another form to the VB6 project and then add a Timer component  and this code to Form1: Private Sub Command1_Click()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form1.Hide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form2.ShowEnd Sub Private Sub Timer1_Timer()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form2.Hide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form1.ShowEnd Sub In Form2, add a Command button control and this code: Private Sub Command1_Click()  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form1.Timer1.Interval 10000 10 seconds  Ã‚  Ã‚  Form1.Timer1.Enabled TrueEnd Sub When you run the project, clicking the button on Form1 makes Form1 disappear and Form2 appear. However, clicking the button on Form2 uses the Timer component on Form1 to wait 10 seconds before making Form2 disappear and Form1 appear again even though Form1 isnt visible. Since the project is still running, Form1 keeps appearing every 10 seconds- a technique you might use to drive a coworker batty one day.

Identify three ways that diversity impacts organizational policies Research Paper

Identify three ways that diversity impacts organizational policies - Research Paper Example This class of diversity can be defined in terms of â€Å"gender, race and ethnicity, and whether or not one is disabled† (Davidson, 2004, p. 4). Each of the classes has minorities that requires special treatment such as protection in an organization. Similarly, the need to recruit human resource with the organization’s most desired qualities encourages organizations to develop avenues of attracting both the majority and minority social groups. Organizations therefore develop policies that protects and encourage participation of minority groups. Such would include special consideration in procedures for recruitment, selection, and even employee management. Diversity in an organization also reflects on the organization’s image in the society, a factor that can influence market control due to the society’s reaction to the organization’s composition by social factors. This means that organization’s policies will aim at promoting diversity in orde r to obtain a diversified quality human resource and a strong corporate image that is representative of the organization’s market. Social aspects therefore influence an organization’s policy through the need for quality input that may be hidden in a minority social class or through the need to relate with different social classes for corporate image (Davidson, 2004). Diversity also influences an organization’s policies through legal requirements to which organizations are bound. Anti discrimination laws for instance protects groups from discrimination based on their nature such as gender, race, sex and age among others. As a result, an organization’s policy must be consistent with legal provisions for fair treatment of individuals from different social groups. Formulation and implementation of policies must therefore take care of interest of every group in an organization in order to

Psych research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psych research paper - Essay Example If we would listen to our physical and inner emotional needs more maybe we would not always be sick with the problems associated with stress. I say this only because I have had my share of anxiety and stress, and know that it can take a toll on a person if not taken care of properly. Lisa is a friend of mine that I have not seen since she became a L.P.N. this past summer. We started to catch up on life and even some gossip. This is when I noticed something was not quite right with her. We talked a little more and I still had a feeling she was not telling me something. Later in the week I spoke to a mutual friend and asked her if she had spoken to Lisa. It was then that I found out she had been having anger issues. Our friend told me of a couple of different incidences that Lisa was involved with. Both times she got very anger, very quickly at things that should not have mattered. The friend also told me she was drinking a little more often and when out she was either quiet or very loud to the point of being obnoxious. This was not the person that I knew at all. This was a person who always seemed to have things together. I had asked if anything was going on that I did not know about that would make her this way. The friend told me about her switching positions a t the hospital because of her being a nurse now, and said she was not handling the stress of that very well. That was all she told me about. Again I knew that this still was not her to be like this over something like a new job that I knew she was anxiously waiting to do. Later in the week I called Lisa to see if see was home. When I spoke with her again I could tell she still was not herself. I came out and asked if there was something wrong with her and she then started to cry on the phone. She then told me how the new job was not all what she thought it was going to be. It turns out to be a very stressful job with lots of patients to care for and very

Five Social Insurances and One Housing Fund Essay Example for Free

Five Social Insurances and One Housing Fund Essay According to figure 1, it showed that the pay ratio of Shanghai enterprise was higher than Beijing and Guangzhou while the ratio for individuals were the same. The reason of the high ratio fee is to protect the workers income, so that the workers would not need to pay half of their income for insurance payment. Therefore, the living standards for the workers would  keep in average. In this few years, the development of other cities in China was being fast and the insurance package was attractive to workers. So there was a competitive existed between Shanghai and the developing cities. The Shanghai enterprise wanted to retain their workers to stay in Shanghai for work and keep the quality and quantity of the business. Therefore, the standard for the percentage pay of enterprise would be higher than others. Once a worker reach the retire age, the worker will be entitled to receive the insurance premium. This policy would be one of the methods to attract and retain the local worker to work. On the other hand, as the housing provident fund was not a legal payment in the Labor Act. So the percentage for both enterprise and individuals in Shanghai was the same, 7% each. In the view of HR, the cost for the enterprise would be lower and the intense pressure would be less. And for the individual, they would save the money to buy a property. Lastly, Shanghai has done a good job in the 5 insurance and housing fund than other cities like Guangzhou. Although the enterprise need pay more than other cities, the workers would take the greatest benefits and be more loyal to the company. CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS ON EMPLOYER The social insurance system has implemented for several years, it is time to review its impacts on local enterprises in Shanghai, China. The most seriously the system imposed a heavy burden on operating cost of business. According to the Social Insurance Policy, enterprises should make a contribution to each of these types of social security on behalf of their employees. Employees are also required to make contribution to some of them. A Taiwaness enterprise in Shanghai reported the Law has increased its labour cost on insurance participation by 50 percent, which is mainly due to the extension of insurance coverage that leads to the rise in premium payment and related expenses. In 2010, urban pension, medical, unemployment, occupational injury and maternity insurance altogether recorded a person-time of 1.108 billion, 84 million more than that of 2009. The total income and expenditure of the National Social Insurance Fund reached RMB1.86 trillion and RMB1.48 trillion, increased by15.7% and 20.4% respectively when compared with those of 2009. 2 Professor Wang Yanzhong, Director, Labour and Socail Security Research Centre Chinese Academy of Social Science, Prospects and Impacts of Social Insurance Law Implementation, Road to China, Spring 2011 A significant part of the increased expenses came from the upsurge of enterprises expenses which lowered competitiveness of enterprises as most of the capital resource would constitute the main part of the payment system. Also, there were rise in the labour cost of enterprises, especially in those labour-intensive ones, and thus employers may force to lay off workers or cut wages in order to keep the company alive. However, in the long term, the expansion in social insurance coverage would establish a more standardized and stable employment environment, which is important in maintaining employers trust in their enterprises and reinforcing their sense of responsibility and cohesion. CHAPTER 4: IMPACTS ON EMPLOYEE For the impact of employee, In order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of employees and building a harmonious society , the government not only vigorously promotes the social security work and expanding the coverage of the five insurance in China. This policy is large extend to gain the recognition and support by the all sectors of the community . Some socially responsible company also believes that the implementation of this policy will be benefit to employees for future and so many companies  actively to purchase of five insurance for their employees . The implementation of social insurance for employees with long-term benefits , such as when an employee reaches retirement age , he or she can receive monthly pension until his death ; under the social security . If women employees pay maternity insurance can obtain limits reimbursement of expenses including prenatal examination and surgical expenses . Beside, under the employment, employees can earn 2 to 3 monthly compensation through unemployment insurance, it can effectively to solve and protection of employees living expenses during periods of unemployment . Employee also can extract the housing provident funds for housing related expenditure purposes . However, due to some local government in the development the standard payment of five insurance that requires enterprise according to the average wage to pay, rather than the actual amount of wage subject to each industry. Since the majority of employees wages is less than the average wage , if the government accordance with average wage as a payment standard, the result is employer would deduct a large sum of money in the employees their wage, eventually employees wage they earn is less. In addition, due to the policy and standard of purchases social insurance is diversity by different province in china, when foreign employees return to home town from local, Employees need require the Ministry of Labor to end of the social security relationship before they can get back the balance on the personal account. Thus, it would lead to employees on future retirement not be protected ; On the other hand , the company pay for employees social security fees cannot bring the benefit to employees ,the result that would reduce the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in social insurance An ol d-age insurance can be interrupt ed. If the employees pay more, he will get more pensions. However, the q uality of life cannot be guaranteed after retirement . Many employees think that social security has been considered  and it is so comprehensive . Therefore they are no need to have other financial In fact, the pension formula is quite complex, but generally can be calculated as follows: 20% of the average wages of individual accounts a total of 120. Obviously, the social security pensions cannot guarantee the quality of life after retirement. Therefore, the HR of the company can choose to commercial insurance for pension supplement and provide it to the employees. For example, it can include the health protection and accident protection. Also, if the pension plan of the commercial insurance is expired, the employees will get some money as a pension supplement. Those insurance are suitable for young people such as some recently married, capital investment is not enough. Therefore, it will help to attract and retain the people to join the company. Moreover, the Health insurance is more important because i f it is interrupted for more than three months, it will lose effectiveness . There are many requirement of using the health insurance such as many restrictions about use in other p rovince . It is difficult to move and use in other province. Finally, not all medical practices have access to insurance, such as: plastic surgery, increased myopia correction and other medical expenses. Therefore the HR can design to buy some inpatient medical allowance to the employees . Those politics can help to provide the security, attract, retain and motivate to the employees.

Free Macbeth Essays: Importance of the Last Two Scenes :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

The Importance of the Last Two Scenes in Macbeth The last two scenes are a very important part of the play. They are the last two scenes in the play in which Macbeth is alive. They are also a very effective part of the play; the audience will have already realized that something will happen which will decide the ending of the play. This awareness that something is about to happen is made so by the commotion of the two great armies as they prepare to fight and by Macbeth's eagerness and confidence to win. These scenes remind the audience of Macbeth's true character. Early on in the play he was portrayed as a fierce and brave warrior, however, as the play developed the audience began to get the impression that Macbeth was not all that he had been made out to be. He was seen as a selfish man who got what he wanted by murdering his rivals. This was intentional on the part of the playwright as the entire play is focusing in on how a man as powerful as the king of Scotland can do whatever his "vaulting ambition" wants him to. These scenes re-iterate Macbeth's original character. All of the scenes leading up to these two have been advancing the plot in such a way that scenes seven and eight are able to take the audience completely by surprise. For example, the supernatural plays a large role in this play and the audience knows that it will have something to do with the destiny of Macbeth and the outcome of the story. It is this prediction that makes the audience remember what the witches said to Macbeth: "The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth." These phrases baffle the audience, and so as the end of the play approaches they become interested to find out what they mean. Scene seven begins with a short soliloquy from Macbeth, he says "They have tied me to a stake, I cannot fly, but bear-like I must fight the course." This tells the audience that Macbeth doesn't want to fight, and he doesn't, but later it is revealed that he is very confident to win. The first man that Macbeth fights with is Young Siward. Macbeth soon kills him "for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth." Scene eight follows, with the fight between Macbeth and Macduff.

Personal Ethics Development Paper

Trevino and Nelson (2007), define ethics as â€Å"the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization. † I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a single Catholic mother made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important because they set the rules and regulations. In this paper, I will explain the developmental aspects of my ethics as well as my ethical system, the effects of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an organization to achieve its goals. My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a catholic single mother, definitely influence the way I value the family. Also, some of my decisions are influenced by this catholic background, which I do not genuinely practice but follow to some extent. Other factors that shaped my ethics were my family, school, and personal events. My family always corrected me whenever I did something that they consider wrong, which could be something simple as taking a flower from my neighbor’s garden. My family saw this little example as stealing, but as I child I saw this as taking the flower for my mother. School taught me what was legally wrong or right. I learn that some people simply don’t care too much about the actions and consequences of their actions and act impulsively. When making decisions, my ethical system influences they way I act because tend to be bias by what my mom, my family, school, or personal events taught me. Time has taught me to value the importance of learning form other mistakes and advices. This had leaded me to draw conclusions from specific examples. For example, when considering any issue, I usually use inductive reasoning and go from the very specific problem to the general conclusion. At the workplace, my ethical system influences the way I behave and perform in a positive and negative way. Based on the nature of the work, my ethical system at the workplace tends to be a combination of duty-based and goal-based. Duty-based is an â€Å"a moral obligation or commitment to act in a certain manner. For example, I work for the United States Postal Service and I am commitment to my work, which includes several tasks determined by the Postal Service rules and regulations. If I fail with one of this laws or rules I could be on probation or lose my job. Therefore, it is important that I obey those rules. In addition, all this tends to be influenced by the actual goal of the company and my personal goal. The company goal is to complete my assigned tasks in a timely manner, which is to deliver the mail. My personal goal is to produce money to sustain my family and pay my expenses. This personal goal drives me to be ethical and the do the right thing at my workplace because I do not want to put in jeopardy my job. This puts into play my personal family values. Therefore, my ethical system could be considered individualistic and very very competitive, which could impact my workplace in a negative way. On the other hand, this could turn out to be very positive because I am very reliable and undependable at work. Business ethics (2009) is defined as â€Å"moral principles defining how businesses and business professionals should act towards each other, employees, and the public. In other words, ethics are needed in an organization because they determine the company norms and principles for its employees and customers. To determine the company ethics its important because based on this, the company will be perceived nationally or internationally. Business ethics play such as important role today that the government forces companies to pay attention to corporate re sponsibility and business ethics. This norms, rules, and regulations also play an important role to achieve the company goals and direction. The effects of the application of these ethics influence consumers, employers, other businesses, and the society in a positive way. In order words, not only this company teaches other companies what is the right thing to do, but it also acts as an example for individuals who work there or purchase their items or services. In conclusion, ethics are rules, norms or regulations that influence the way people or corporation act. These influences could be either positive or negative and there is shape early in our lives or at the early stages of a corporation. In this paper, I explained that my personal ethics were shaped since I was a child. My ethics and values have changed based on personal events, religion, and family values. My ethical system influences the way I perform my job to achieve my personal goals. Based on these factors, ethics play an important role in corporations because companies are run by individuals who have their own ethical systems. In addition, ethics determine who the company is and how it is perceived in the society. Personal Ethics Development Paper Trevino and Nelson (2007), define ethics as â€Å"the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization. † I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a single Catholic mother made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important because they set the rules and regulations. In this paper, I will explain the developmental aspects of my ethics as well as my ethical system, the effects of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an organization to achieve its goals. My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a catholic single mother, definitely influence the way I value the family. Also, some of my decisions are influenced by this catholic background, which I do not genuinely practice but follow to some extent. Other factors that shaped my ethics were my family, school, and personal events. My family always corrected me whenever I did something that they consider wrong, which could be something simple as taking a flower from my neighbor’s garden. My family saw this little example as stealing, but as I child I saw this as taking the flower for my mother. School taught me what was legally wrong or right. I learn that some people simply don’t care too much about the actions and consequences of their actions and act impulsively. When making decisions, my ethical system influences they way I act because tend to be bias by what my mom, my family, school, or personal events taught me. Time has taught me to value the importance of learning form other mistakes and advices. This had leaded me to draw conclusions from specific examples. For example, when considering any issue, I usually use inductive reasoning and go from the very specific problem to the general conclusion. At the workplace, my ethical system influences the way I behave and perform in a positive and negative way. Based on the nature of the work, my ethical system at the workplace tends to be a combination of duty-based and goal-based. Duty-based is an â€Å"a moral obligation or commitment to act in a certain manner. For example, I work for the United States Postal Service and I am commitment to my work, which includes several tasks determined by the Postal Service rules and regulations. If I fail with one of this laws or rules I could be on probation or lose my job. Therefore, it is important that I obey those rules. In addition, all this tends to be influenced by the actual goal of the company and my personal goal. The company goal is to complete my assigned tasks in a timely manner, which is to deliver the mail. My personal goal is to produce money to sustain my family and pay my expenses. This personal goal drives me to be ethical and the do the right thing at my workplace because I do not want to put in jeopardy my job. This puts into play my personal family values. Therefore, my ethical system could be considered individualistic and very very competitive, which could impact my workplace in a negative way. On the other hand, this could turn out to be very positive because I am very reliable and undependable at work. Business ethics (2009) is defined as â€Å"moral principles defining how businesses and business professionals should act towards each other, employees, and the public. In other words, ethics are needed in an organization because they determine the company norms and principles for its employees and customers. To determine the company ethics its important because based on this, the company will be perceived nationally or internationally. Business ethics play such as important role today that the government forces companies to pay attention to corporate re sponsibility and business ethics. This norms, rules, and regulations also play an important role to achieve the company goals and direction. The effects of the application of these ethics influence consumers, employers, other businesses, and the society in a positive way. In order words, not only this company teaches other companies what is the right thing to do, but it also acts as an example for individuals who work there or purchase their items or services. In conclusion, ethics are rules, norms or regulations that influence the way people or corporation act. These influences could be either positive or negative and there is shape early in our lives or at the early stages of a corporation. In this paper, I explained that my personal ethics were shaped since I was a child. My ethics and values have changed based on personal events, religion, and family values. My ethical system influences the way I perform my job to achieve my personal goals. Based on these factors, ethics play an important role in corporations because companies are run by individuals who have their own ethical systems. In addition, ethics determine who the company is and how it is perceived in the society.

Medea Greek Mythology Essay

When Medea decides to take matters in to her own hands, about punishing the people who have done wrong to her, she is accused of wanting not justice—vengeance. Because I am not a native of neither Corinth nor Colchis, I have my own view about her motives. However, I would agree with the Corinthian Women, Medea is seeking vengeance; not justice. Some people might argue that Medea is seeking justice. When in actuality, Medea wants vengeance. The opposition would say justice took place because the Gods allowed Medea the time to perform her various acts. Although these things happened Medea turned to vengeance when she took it upon herself to kill Creon and his daughter Creusa. Even the chorus, the â€Å"ideal spectators†, implies that Creon is a poor king when, after he banishes Medea, the First Corinthian Woman sympathizes, â€Å"I am of Corinth and I say that Corinth is not well ruled. †(1. 214-216). This quote gives us proof that Medea has some sort of reason to seek revenge on Creon. However she lets her hatred exceed its boundaries and allows herself to take the lives of the King of Corinth and its Princess all because they chose Jason over her. In addition, her actions all prove that she wants Jason to do more than pay for hurting her. She wants him to suffer at the fate of her own children. Her revenge was selfish. Medea involved the two things she knew would hurt Jason the most—her own children. According to the First Corinthian Woman, â€Å"It would be better for you, Medea if the earth opened her jaws and took you down into darkness. But one thing you will not do, for you cannot, you will not hurt your own children, though wrath like plague-boils aches, your mind in a fire-haze bites the purple apples of pain. No blood-lapping beast of the field, she-bear nor lioness, nor the lean wolf-bitch, hurts her own tender whelps; nor the yellow-eyed, seythe-beaked, and storm shouldered eagle that tears the lambs has ever made prey of the fruit of her own tree. †(2. 115-126). Keep in mind that the Corinthian Women are the conscious of Corinth. Through this quote the First Corinthian Women has stated that Medea could not harm her own children. She even gives examples of the most dangerous predators that don’t even harm their own young. This is evidence that Medea went beyond the state of justice; but she went well into the state of vengeance. Medea knew what she was doing and quite frankly she could care less about anything other than what she thought of what was seeking revenge on Jason. In conclusion, vengeance was sought by Medea. She went above the fact of teaching Jason a lesson; she even stated she hated Jason more than she loved her children. Answer this question is what Medea has done entertaining or morally instructive?

Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers The WritePass Journal

Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers Introduction Proposal. Impact of Recession on Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers Introduction1. Proposed Working Title3. Research Aims4. Research Questions / ObjectivesThe primary objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the economic downturn on the purchasing behaviour of ethical consumers. Other key objectives include –6. Methodology7. Project ScheduleBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated Introduction 1. Proposed Working Title Impact of the Recession on the Buying Behaviour of Ethical Consumers in the UK food industry 2. Research Background According to the National Bureau of Economic Research, an economy is said to be in a recession when there is a decline in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for two successive quarters. The recent economic downturn which commenced in 2007 has hit UK in a huge way. The recent recession is described as the worst recession to have hit the country since the Second World War, with GDP declining up to 3.8% in 2009 and unemployment having risen to its highest point in sixteen years. The credit crunch has undoubtedly has had a significant impact on consumer trends and behaviour. With many households facing unemployment, there has been a major cut back in consumer spending. The areas where consumers were found to cut back on spending are personal durables (e.g. clothing), indulgences (e.g. premium coffee), household durables (.g. electronics) and services (e.g. salon treatment). Alongside alterations have also been found in consumer preferences and purchase behaviour. Numerous studies have found that consumer behaviour during the recession is characterised by an increased sensitivity to price, marking a shift to lower cost products. Studies have also found that there is an increased focus on quality during the recession period, implying that consumers are increasingly looking for products that are of good quality, yet affordable. With retailers facing increasing cost of production during the economic downturn, to make a profit it is necessary for retailer to push the increase in prices to customers. This may prove to be an even greater challenge for ethical goods producers. In line, Carrigan et al state that it is all very well asking people to spend a little more to save the planet while everyone is rolling in and times are good, but once things turn sour and people start tightening their belts then things may be a little different. The credit crunch is bound to pose the biggest challenges ever for ethical consumerism. In this context, it is high ly relevant to study the impact of the recession on ethical consumer behaviour. This research will focus on evaluating the impact of recession on ethical consumer behaviour in the food sector. Specifically, the study will focus on ethical retailers in the food industry in the UK. Gaining a good understanding of how consumers are responding to the prolonged economic downturn in regard to ethical purchase behaviour is crucial in leading both ethical and non ethical companies in making changes to their fundamental business model in order to ensure success. Although there are signs that the economy is improving, which might question the relevance of this research, it is important to note that changes in consumer behaviour caused by a recession are likely to remain for a long period. So whilst economists may signal that the recession has ended and recovery has begun, consumers are unlikely to reflect this in their buying behaviour immediately. 3. Research Aims The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of the recent recession on the buying behaviour of ethical consumers. 4. Research Questions / Objectives The most important question that this research proposes is: How does the economic downturn impact ethical consumer behaviour? This question in turn provokes us to find answers to other significant questions such as: What challenges does the recent recession present to consumers wishing to consume sustainably and ethically? Does price factor outweigh ethical values during the recession? What challenges does the recent recession present to marketers in the food industry to produce sustainable and ethical goods? The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the economic downturn on the purchasing behaviour of ethical consumers. Other key objectives include – 1. To evaluate the impact of the economic downturn on marketers of ethical goods 2. To explore ways in which ethical retailers can engage consumers with social responsibility attitudes and retain their loyalty during and after the recession 5. Literature Review The Ethical Consumer Researcher Association (ECRA) describe ethical consumerism in its truest sense as purchasing goods or services which do not harmful to the environment and society, and are made without harming the environment or exploiting workers. Consumers can express their ethical values and feelings of responsibility towards society by either buying products for their positive ethical qualities (e.g. free trade, organic etc) or by boycotting products for their perceived unethical characteristics (e.g. products produced using child labour). Ethical consumerism has been a growing trend globally and particularly in the UK. Cooperative Bank 2009 Ethical Consumerism Report revealed that the total sales of ethical products in the UK has grown almost threefold in the past ten years. The ethical market in the UK was worth 13.5 billion pounds in 1999 and in 2008 was estimated to be worth 36 billion pounds. The growth in ethical consumerism during the last decade has been in the 2005 – 2007 periods and primarily in the food and finance sectors. The report further highlights that there is a significant rise in Britons holding socially responsible attitudes and this growth has not been affected by the recession. However, Carrigan et al caution that this picture is not very encouraging as firstly reality is far from how it is pictured, describing it as the 30:3 syndrome. According to Carrigan et al, while a third of consumers admit to care about companies social responsibility and sustainability initiatives, it is important to note that ethical goods rarely achieve more than 3 per cent of the market share. Carrigan et al note that even though the idea of ethical consumerism is better understood by customers today and they hold more socially responsible attitudes, it does not necessarily mean that these attitudes are translated into ethical purchases. The findings of some researches suggest that except among a minority of consumers, ethical values and principles hold third stand in purchase decisions, with factors such as price and quality holding the greatest priority. The cause for this substantial gap in between consumer attitude towards ethical purchases and actual purchase of ethical products is that consumers consider several product attributes jointly when making a purchase decision, such as, price, quality, attitude and brand knowledge. When evaluating an ethical product, consumers are influenced by several relevant product and marketing attributes. These can be divided into three categories. Fi rstly, consumers are faced to choose between different types of ethical claims. Second, their purchase decision will depend upon the credibility of the brand and third marketing efforts and advertisements will influence consumer purchase decision. Thus clearly ethical consumer behaviour like all other attributes of consumer behaviour is exposed to the risks of recession and can be highly unpredictable. Although the Ethical Consumerism Report highlights a consistent growth in the ethical market in the last ten years, it is forecasted that the value of the ethical sector would slow down until 2012 owing to the sluggish economy with price being the most important factor influencing consumer purchase decisions. The ethical market is expected to pick up again in 2012 as the economy becomes more favourable. With some surveys revealing that in the context of the recession, consumer ethical behaviours are being limited by cost as people are less likely to pay a premium price for goods produced ethically, some other survey findings reveal that consumers are willing to pay more for ethically produced goods and services during the recession period. A major limitation of these studies is that they have not focused on any one particular se ctor. 6. Methodology The proposed research is guided by the philosophy of positivism. According to logical positivism the world simply consists of observable empirical regularities and science should restrict itself to describing these in the form of objectives, falsifiable propositions. The nature of the proposed research is exploratory in order to develop deep insights and ideas about the underlying nature of the research topic and in turn generate a hypothesis. The exploratory research will begin with a study of the reported findings of other researchers. This process is called literature review. For conducting the literature review, Hart six step process will be employed. The six steps for conducting the literature review are Begin general reading to define the topic Establish the scope of the research topic and locate major themes Establish objectives for the literature search Plan the structure of the literature search, including codes and cross referencing Plan sources to be read Begin reading of selected sources In addition to helping gain deep insights into the research topic, the literature review is also used for evaluating the research methods selected for the recent research. The main sources of the literature review will be core marketing textbooks and professional journals from online databases such as Emerald and JSTOR. Stemming from the deductive nature of positivist researches, both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection will be used. Specifically, semi structured face to face interviews will be used for gathering data from key respondents of the selected ethical retail firms in the food industry; and survey questionnaire will be used for gathering data from consumers. Interviewing is selected for gathering data from the ethical retail firms as it stands out as the best method for gathering rich and holistic information quickly from a relatively small sample[12]. A list of topics to be covered will be prepared to help ensure that important points are not overlooked and that the interview follows a logical progression. Survey method is the technique of gathering data by asking questions from people who are thought to have the desired information. Survey method is chosen for gathering data from customers because compared to other primary data collection techniques, questionnaires he lp gather data from a large sample with lesser cost and time. In addition, questionnaires also provide participants the chance to submit thoughtful responses, since they have time to look up information and reflect before responding, plus there is a high contact rate. Questions will be crafted carefully so that it will stimulate unambiguous answers from the respondents. The questionnaires will be administered directly to consumers. 7. Project Schedule Research Gantt Chart (Week commencing 11 July 2010) BIBLIOGRAPHY    Bhattacharyya, D.K., 2003. Research Methodology. New Delhi: Excel Books.   Carrigan, M. and Pelsmacker, P., 2009. Will ethical consumers sustain their values in the global credit crunch? International Marketing Review, Vol 26, Issue 6, pp. 674 – 687 Carrigan, M., Marinova, S., Szmigin, I., 2005. Ethics and international marketing. International Marketing Review, Vol 22, No 5.   Harrison, R., Newholm, T. and Shaw, D., 2005. The ethical consumer. Sage Publications. Interbrand, 2009. Consumer spending in a recession. Available online: www.interbrand.com [accessed on 21 May 2010   Keinert, C., 2008. Corporate social responsibility as an international strategy. Springer.   Gill, J. and Johnson, P., 2002. Research Methods for Managers. 3rd ed. London: SAGE publications.   Patton, M.Q., 2002. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. 3rd ed. USA: SAGE publications   Varey, R.J., 2002. Marketing communication: principles and practice. Routledge.   UK Cooperative Bank, 2009. Ethical Consumer Report 2009. Available online: www.ethicalconsumer.org [accessed on 21 May 2010

Peer to Peer Assessment Strategy for Groups

Peer to Peer Assessment Strategy for Groups Group work is a great strategy to use in the secondary classroom in order to to improve student learning.  But group work sometimes requires a form of problem solving on its own. While the goal in these classroom collaborations is to equally distribute the work to solve a problem or produce a product, there maybe a student (or two) who does not contribute as much as the other members of the group. This student may let his or her fellow students do the bulk of the work, and this student may even share the group grade. This student is the  slacker  in the group, a member who can frustrate the other members of the group. This is especially a problem if the some of the group work is done outside the classroom. So what can a teacher do about assessing this slacker student who does not collaborate with others or who contributes little to the finished product? How can a teacher be fair and award the appropriate grade to those members of a group who have worked effectively? Is equal participation in group work even possible?   The Reasons for Using Group Work in Class While these concerns might make a teacher think about giving up group work entirely, there are still powerful reasons for using groups in class: Students take ownership of the subject matter.Students develop communication and teamwork skills.Students work together and teach each other.   Students can bring   individual skill sets  to a group.Students learn to plan more effectively and manage their time. Here is one more reason to use groups Students can learn to how to assess their work and the work of others. At the secondary level, the success of group work can be measured in many different ways, but the most common is through a grade or points. Instead of having the teacher determine how a groups participation or project will be scored, teachers can grade the project as a whole and then turn the individual participant grades over to the group as a lesson in negotiation. Turning this responsibility over to the students can address the problem of grading the slacker in the group by having student peers distribute points based on the evidence of work contributed. Designing the Point or Grade System: If the teacher chooses to use peer to peer grade distribution, the teacher must be clear that the project under review will be graded to meet standards outlined in a rubric. The total number of points available for the completed project, however, would be based on the number of people in each group. For example, the top score (or an A) awarded to a student for a project or participation that meets the highest standard could be set at 50 points. If there are 4 students in the group, the project would be worth 200 points (4 students X 50 points each).If there are 3 students in the group,   the project would be worth 150 points  (3 students X 50 points each). If there are 2 members of the group,   the project would be worth 100 points  (2 students X 50 points each). Peer to Peer Grading and Student Negotiation Each student would be be awarded points using the following formula: 1. The teacher would first grade the project  as anA or B or C, etc.   based on the criteria established in the rubric. 2. The teacher would convert that grade into its numerical equivalent:   For example, the teacher may determine that the project should be awarded  the equivalent of a B: ​If the project had four students and was worth 200 points, the project would receive 172  points;   ​  if the project had three students and was worth 150 points, the project would receive  130 points; if the project had two students and was worth 100 points, the project would be awarded 86 points. 3.   After the project receives a grade from the teacher, the students in the group would negotiate on how to divide these points for a grade. Each student must have evidence of what he or she did to  earn points.  Students   could equitably divide the points:   172 points (4 students) or130 points (3 students) or 86 points (two students) ​If all students worked equally and have the evidence to show they should all get the same grade, then each student would receive 43   points out of the original 50 points available.  Each student would receive an 86%. However,  in the group of three students, if two students have the evidence that that they did the bulk of the work, they could negotiate for more points.   They could negotiate for 48 points each (96%) and leave the  slacker with 34 points (68%).   4. Students confer with the teacher for the distribution of points supported by evidence. Results of Peer to Peer Grading Having students participate in how they are graded makes the assessment process transparent. In these negotiations, all students are responsible for providing evidence of the work they did in completing the project.   Peer to peer assessment can be a motivating experience. When teachers may not be able to motivate students, this form of peer pressure may get the desired results. It is recommended that the negotiations for awarding points be supervised by the teacher to ensure fairness. The teacher can retain the ability to override a groups decision. Using this strategy can provide students an opportunity advocate for themselves, a real world skill they will need after they leave school.

The Impact of Human Resource Development Programs on Employee Essay

The Impact of Human Resource Development Programs on Employee Performance - Essay Example In this research, primary data was gathered through the use of a survey questionnaire and interviews administered to two sample groups, namely managers and rank-and-file employees of ARAMCO. The 100 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling, comprising 80 rank-and-file employees and 20 managerial employees. Secondary data were gathered from existing literature on ARAMCO, particularly its annual report and documents existing in the public domain. The study determined that Saudi ARAMCO employs a best-fit approach to its human resources management, allowing for the gradual and continuous development of HRD policies and practices in the areas of motivation, rewards management, and performance management and appraisal. There are a number of gaps that exist between management and employee perceptions on these sensitive aspects of HRM; however, there are also a number of areas where the two parties commonly agree. The study concludes that a more effective HRM strategy may be arrived at by a refinement of the policies and practices currently evolving in the different internal environments of ARAMCO’s vast structure.SAUDI ARAMCO officially titled the ‘Saudi Arabian Oil Company’, is a unique organization on the global business landscape. It is the world’s singularly most valuable company, with assets currently valued (in 2010) at between $2.2 - $7 trillion. This value is likely to increase, however, as the company also presides over the world’s largest known oil reserves, an increasingly important commodity and the single most important driving factor for global business.

Brent Crude Oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brent Crude Oil - Essay Example There exist specific factors that cause this sharp decline in the oil price (Menton, 2015). The strength of the American dollar is a key driver for the steady decline of the oil prices. The current global market has been under tremendous competition with the United States dollar being a key determinant of majority of the things. With the strong US dollar, the average price and value of majority of the commodities fall. This has greatly affected crude oil, whose price has been constantly declining. With global prices of commodities quoted in reference to the dollar, the prices trend lower in the economic times where the dollar is strong (Menton, 2015). The U.S currency surge experienced in the second quarter of 2014 saw a culminated decline in major leading product and commodity indices. negative impact Of OPEC Oil output in the US due to oil prices registering low price sales by the end of the year would be another contributing factor. The marginal oil barrel output derived from unconventional sources like shale would be highly affected by the existing low global prices of crude oil. Drilling of oil wells has been on a steady decline based on the high costs incurred and the constant low prices registered in the global market making the industry unprofitable (Menton, 2015). There is a global oversupply of crude oil. The supply has exceeded the demand of the product with its 2015 oil production speculated at 9.35 M barrels per day. It also goes into history that the existing oil reserves and repositories increased to the highest numbers ever registered since 80 years ago. The commercial inventories of crude oil in the United States rose by a margin of 4.5M barrels compared to the registered levels of the previous week (Menton, 2015). The figures make it the highest level of crude oil inventories registered in the year 2015. The existing nuclear deal with Iran is viewed as a major element that soils the oil prices further down in the United

Movie comment Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Comment - Movie Review Example As Robert Levin reviews, â€Å"La Mission is a quiet, authentic movie about life in the hardscrabble Mission District of San Francisco. It features a charismatic lead performance by Benjamin Bratt, while writer-director Peter Bratt depicts the neighborhood with a keenly observed sense of the close-knit macho culture at its core.† (Levin) Therefore, it is significant to realize that the drama film makes a perfect portrait of the old-world style milieu in order to present the interracial and other lifestyle issues in today’s urban environment. The major contribution to this effective handling of the social issues is made by the characters and themes of the movie. The characters in the movie such as Che Rivera, Jesse, Lena, Rene, and Smoke represent the various aspects of the interracial and lifestyle issues of the contemporary world. In fact, the story is narrated in the background of a father’s love for his son turning out to be his disgust for the son’s ga y relationships. However, themes such as interracial and lifestyle issues of the modern urban environment predominate the entire movie and the characters of the movie also contribute to the successful portrayal of these themes. In Emily Wilson’s interview with Benjamin and Peter Bratt the issues of Latino masculinity, power, community pride, and identity emerged and it is fundamental to realize that the filmmaker effectively merges these elements to produce a wonderful film of concurring themes. Thus, it becomes evident that the entire movie focuses on the life and social issues of the Mission and it remains as the merging force. â€Å"The brothers grew up in the neighborhood and have always wanted to make a film about the Mission, which they say had a big influence on them†¦ For Peter Bratt, movie making is about social justice, and in La Mission he wanted to explore the presence and acceptance of violence in our daily lives.† (Wilson) It is, therefore, essential to comprehend

Essay on theories and models of health promotion

Essay on theories and models of health promotion The word health came from the old English word for heal (hael) which means whole, indicating that health concerns the whole person and their integrity, soundness, or well-being (Crafter 1997). Health can be defined as a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health Organisation as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO 1946). Health promotion (HP) is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. HP is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities. WHO (1984) In this assignment I will discuss health, HP principles, changing peoples behaviour and attitudes and I will also apply the application of a HP strategy (Beatties model). Beattie (1991) identifies three areas, health persuasion, personal counselling and community development. It also incorporates the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (KAB model) which helps to support Beaties theories. His model offers a structural analysis of HP approaches. This model involves advice and information that is evidence based, insuring that the correct information is available to the client so she can make an informed choice, as the Nursing and Midwifery council (NMC 2008) stipulates. The KAB model, when applied, concentrates on what makes a person want to change. Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991) discuss the layers of influence on health and its social and ecological theory. They also attempted to link the relationship between the individual, their environment and disease. Individual people are at the centre, with a set of fixed genes. Surrounding them are influences on health that can be changed or modified. The first layer is personal behaviour and ways of living that can promote or damage health. e.g. ones choice to drink alcohol. Individuals are often affected by friendship patterns and their communities. The next layer of Dahlgren and Whiteheads theory is social and community influences, which provide mutual support for members of the community in unfavourable conditions. But they can also provide no support or have a negative effect. The third layer includes structural factors such as housing, working conditions, access to services and provision of essential facilities. Festinger (1957) used the term cognitive dissonance to describe a persons mental state when new information is given. This prompts the person either to reject the new information (as unreliable or inappropriate) or to adapt attitudes and behaviour, which could fit with it. Bradshaws needs also plays a critical role in HP. The schedule of antenatal care is dominated by a medical model. When providing care, the needs of women must be heard and incorporated into their care. Bradshaws needs can be used by midwives and other professionals to identify womens needs in pregnancy. This can lead to the type of healthcare which is more likely to address the social determinants of health and improve health outcomes for pregnant women. Normative Need: As defined by an expert, to be a need that all require. Such as the advised number of antenatal visits. Felt Need: an individual or groups own personal need. Expressed Need: A felt need which turns into an expression for help Comparative need: Comparing the needs of different groups and finding a common occurance. Bradshaws concept has four different types of need: My HP strategy focuses on Bradshaws comparative need. To educate women of 30yrs+ to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy. This is evidence based on research showing the link between alcohol and FAS. HP is a key part of the midwifes role. However, the effectiveness of its practice is often not easily recognisable. The document, Saving Lives-our healthier nation, (DOH 1999), suggests that individuals are not solely responsible for their own ill health. Health professionals i.e. Midwife and the government all play an important part in working towards achieving health for all and reducing inequalities in health and health care provision. The report also states that Healthcare authorities and primary care groups have a responsibility towards public health. (DOH 1999) The Royal College of Midwives (RCM 2000) suggests that maternity care is not just a delivery service. Midwives make a major contribution to family well-being and the wider public health and its contribution is yet to reach its full potential. HP is often used to describe behaviour or actions, which directly or indirectly influence the health of others. This may include preventing ill health, maintaining positive health, raising public awareness of health issues, protecting the public from harm, educating people to make healthy lifestyle choices and reducing inequalities in health and provision of healthcare (Dunkley 2000). HP within midwifery, involves enhancing positive health and reducing the risk of ill health through education. For expectant mothers it is a time of immense psychological and physiological development. During this time the woman acquires a great deal of new and sometimes confusing information from family, friends, magazines and health professionals. Midwifes have a duty of care to inform women about health damaging behaviour where this may occur. They also have a duty to encourage discussion on such topics i.e. alcohol in pregnancy, nutrition and choices of feeding. Following articles written in the Guardian and Telegraph newspaper in February 2010 stating that the Department of Health advice is that women should not drink at all when trying to conceive or when pregnant, but if women do chose to drink they should not have more than one or two units once or twice a week and not drink enough to feel drunk is what inspired my decision to look at Alcohol in pregnancy for this HP. The National Institute on Alcohol and alcoholism (NIAA) clearly states that NO alcohol should be consumed in pregnancy. The Telegraph newspaper in January 2009 reported that OLeary (an Australian scientist) states Women who drink five small glasses of wine during the course of a week in the first three months of pregnancy increase their risk of a premature birth by 70 per cent, even if they stop later. Research from the Infant feeding survey 2005 shows that drinking alcohol socially when pregnant has a higher occurrence in women in the 30-35 year age range and above. The Royal College of Obstetricians and gynaecologists (RCOG) 29th June 2010 stating there is no evidence that a couple of units of alcohol once or twice a week will harm an unborn baby. These contradicting reports led me to research the need for a HP on alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Professor Phillip Steer of the RCOG believes that if women ate and drank a more healthy diet this would result in healthier babies thus a healthier nation. Another specialist, Dr Raja Mukherjee, consultant psychiatrist and expert in foetal alcohol syndrome, stated that if a wealthier woman who has previously consumed wine on a regular basis, continues into her pregnancy, she is in the high risk group. He reports that they are actually putting their babies at risk before they even know they are pregnant, in some cases. Mukherjee (NOFAS) also reported that one of the most severely affected children he has seen, was born after a wealthy woman continued to consume half a bottle of wine 2 to 3 times a week. In my HP plan I wanted to target women in the older age ranges. Using the media to publicise the damage caused by alcohol consumption in pregnancy. My idea constituted a run of billboard posters depicting babies being forced to consume alcohol as well as television advertising. The adverts would be hard hitting with a simple dont drink slogan. The campaign would be called the you drink, I drink campaign. The primary aim would be to stop women drinking alcohol in pregnancy. The secondary aim would be to at least educate and inform women of the concerns related to drinking alcohol. Both aims would hope to have an effect in reducing the cases of fetal alcohol syndrome, currently 1:100, (NOFAS 2010), caused by drinking alcohol in pregnancy. Models have been used in HP for some time, but can they be a part of midwifery? It could be claimed that the unique and individual situations of pregnancy and birth do not lend themselves to categorising women and their needs. Every woman and every pregnancy is different. Could it be possible to apply a standard package of professional care? If midwifery is viewed as a health-promoting activity, then it may be that HP models and approaches can enhance the way that midwives deliver care by developing an agreed research-based framework, which, rather than labelling women, standardize good practice (Crafter 1997). The NHS plan, (NHS 2000), which seeks to develop an NHS that is patient-centred and fit for the 21st. Century, suggests that the role of the midwife should be developed in public health and family well being. Whilst researching my strategy I found that the first reported association between maternal alcoholism and a characteristic pattern of cranio-facial, limb and cardiovascular defects in the offspring was published in The Lancet Saturday 9 June 1973. Since then the results of a large body of research have been published. This is clearly an indication that a new HP aimed at pregnant women is needed! In 1996 the RCOG published a guideline on alcohol consumption in pregnancy. They wrote that there was no conclusive evidence of effects in either growth or IQ at levels of consumption below 120 gms per week. Nonetheless, they recommended that women should be careful about alcohol consumption in pregnancy and limit this to no more than one standard drink (8 gms of alcohol) per day. This disagrees with the recommendations from NICE. Who state that if a woman does decide to drink alcohol, she should drink No more than one or two units, once or twice a week. It is clear that the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy cannot be deemed without risk, however, controversy continues as to whether there is any safe level which women should be advised not to exceed. According to The National Organisation on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS), the medical and scientific literature overwhelmingly supports the hypothesis that there are risks of alcohol related brain damage from drinking low to moderate amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.   Based on these findings, NOFAS position is that there is no safe time, no safe amount, and no safe alcohol during pregnancy. (NOFAS 2007) The obvious way forward is to re-educate women through HP. There are key drivers in health matters such as the National institute of clinical excellence (NICE) and the Acheson Report for the Department of Health, which was a report to contribute to the development of the Governments strategy for health and an agenda for action on inequalities in the longer term. The publication in February 1998 of the consultation paper Our Healthier Nation; a Contract for Health was an important landmark. It identified the need to improve the health of the worst off in society and to narrow the health gap as an overriding principle. (DOH 1998) The report took into account the main features of Our Healthier Nation as they affect inequalities. It discussed tackling inequalities in the settings of schools, the workplace and neighbourhoods. The section on the NHS included an element on the reduction of inequalities through local partnerships taking into account plans for Health Improvement Programmes and Health Action Zones. It also takes into account the changes outlined in the White Paper The New NHS: Modern and Dependable. Whilst developing my HP strategy I looked for current Local and National strategies. The key strategy is that of the National Organisation on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS). They offer an extensive service, including conferences, support group meetings, publications and in particular the Baby Bundle Project. The training for Midwives Project is an initiative of NOFAS-UK to provide useful and positive health information about the consumption of alcohol in pregnancy. Midwives play an important role and can help prevent FASD. Another key strategy is Drinkaware. Drinkaware aims to change the UKs drinking habits for the better. They promote responsible drinking and find innovative ways to challenge the national drinking culture to help reduce alcohol misuse and minimise alcohol-related harm. They are an independent, UK-wide charity, who are supported by voluntary donations from across the drinks industry to equip people with the knowledge they need to make decisions about how much they drink. Drinaware also helps tackle alcohol misuse. As well as working with other organisations and individuals across the UK to fulfil the educational, community and awareness campaigning function envisaged in the Governments Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy. They also provide easily accessible, evidence-based information about alcohol and its effects, to employers, young people, teachers, parents and community workers, such as Midwives. They use a range of advertising mediums, such as film, multimedia and TV. Another National strategy is NICE. Their current recommendations on alcohol in pregnancy is that Pregnant women and women planning a pregnancy should be advised to avoid drinking alcohol in the first 3 months of pregnancy if possible, because it may be associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. But as previously discussed they also advise that women planning a pregnancy or in the first 3 months should not drink at all. The negative theory of this is that the government is presuming that all women will know what 8g of alcohol is, or 1.5 units. Should the government be advising women in a more user friendly way? The HP strategy advising women what they should or should not do will fail as not all women will know how much is too much. This creates a concerning risk. The government need to re-address the strategy to be usable by midwives and pregnant women alike. They should be re-thinking ways to educate women as to what a measure of alcohol is. Nice is also adding to the confusion in saying avoid alcohol then expressing that it can be drunk but in moderation. This sends a very confusing message to health promoters and pregnant women. According to NICE it is the responsibility of the midwife to educate their clients in the safe levels of alcohol consumption at their first meeting. At the expectant mothers first visit to the antenatal clinic the midwife should explain how the pregnant woman will be monitored with regular examinations and tests to ensure that the pregnancy is progressing normally. It should also be emphasised that the womans health inevitably influences that of the fetus and can have major impact on health in childhood and later life. Midwives need to advise their clients on what is safe. Would it be safer and clearer to advise all women, all of the time, not to drink alcohol at all? But the midwife would then not be offering the woman informed choice. It is the role of the midwife to offer lifestyle advice and to tell women of the implications of what alcohol consumption can do to a fetus. Then as Beatties model states, its the clients prerogative to choose what their actions are but it is the midwives role to try to encourage a change in previous unhealthy behaviour. During the development of my HP strategy i gained a peer review. (See appendix A). The positive feedback was tremendous. Confirming that I had correctly assessed the need for the target audience to be women aged 30-35 years+ and that a hard hitting advertising campaign was the right route to take. It highlighted the need to define which health models i would use and I decided on Beatties and KAB rather than Tannahill, which is another well know model. Although I did realise the need to decide on a primary and secondary aim for my promotion. The review also highlighted the need to be able to assess the success of this strategy. This would be easily measured by seeing a reduction in babies born with FAS. During antenatal care Midwives impart relevant information in a teaching way, but it is of no value if that teaching is facilitated in a lecturing style. Women wont learn if spoken at. It is not possible to provide an exhaustive coverage of pregnancy, labour, and the postnatal period during a set of 3/4 classes. A childbirth educator can boost her clients self esteem by valuing everyones comments and creating an atmosphere in which learning is a shared experience. The aim of childbirth education, therefore should be to help the women understand the importance (for their mental health) of getting the information they need, and to empower them to ask questions when and of whoever they want. It has been clearly demonstrated that a womans mental health after delivery has been closely linked to the amount of information she received during her labour (Oakley 1980). Health promoters are not always effective at providing information. Hillan (1992) suggests many women feel that there are a variety of ways during an antenatal class to empower women to ask questions of their caregivers. Women can be empowered by the attitude of their teacher. In Beattie (1991) Strategies for HP, he incorporates empowerment as an important aspect of his model to empower individuals to have the skills and confidence to take more control over their health. Analyses of empowerment shows there is a need to distinguish between self-empowerment and community empowerment. Self empowerment is used to describe HP strategies which are based on counselling and which use non-directive, client centred approaches aimed at increasing peoples control over their lives. Midwives frequently engage in client-centred work, as they are concerned with facilitating client autonomy. The client sets the agenda and the health professionals role is facilitating, guiding, supporting and empoweri ng the client to make informed choices (Dunkley 2000). Community empowerment is used to describe a way of working which increases peoples power to change their social reality. It is also a way of working which seeks to create active participating communities who are empowered and able to challenge and change the world about them. This approach helps people identify their own concerns and gain the skills and confidence to act upon them. It is unique as a bottom-up strategy and calls for the different skills from the health promoter (Kendall 1998). The midwife, becomes a facilitator whose role is to act as a catalyst. Carl Rogers has also developed the theory of facilitative learning. The basic premise of this theory is that learning will occur by the educator (in this case, the Midwife) acting as a facilitator, thus establishing an atmosphere in which learners feel comfortable to consider new ideas and are not threatened by external factors. When teaching adults we must be aware of their different learning styles. Adult learners are a very diverse group. Andragogy (the teaching and learning of adults) was first developed by Alexander Knapp in 1833. Then in 1984 Knowles used Knapps theory and expanded on it. Knowles emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Adult learning programs must accommodate this fundamental aspect. Knowles himself changed his position on whether andragogy really applied only to adults and came to believe that pedagogy-andragogy represents a continuum ranging from teacher-directed to student-directed learning and that both approaches are appropriate with children and adults, depending on the situation. (Knowles 1984) Beattie offers a structural analysis of the HP approaches. He suggests that there are four paradigms for HP. These are generated from the dimensions of mode of intervention which ranges from authoritative (top-down and expert-led) to negotiated (bottom-up and valuing individual autonomy). Most HP work involving advice and information is determined and led by practitioners, or midwives in this case. The work and thoughts of Carl Rogers in the 1960s have been formative in understanding the importance of self-awareness and the experiential learning in helping individuals to understand and make decision. It is therefore important before commencing adult education to examine the structure of the model and look at whom it is aimed at. It is important when working within a team that certain values are shared and made explicit so that the carers can work towards the same goals and the recipients of care can be clear about the standards and outcomes to expect. Developing and working with unified models and approaches in health promotion and midwifery can therefore help midwives to communicate with each other more effectively and strengthen initiatives, which benefit everyone (Crafter 1997). The transition to parenthood is an emotional time for both the pregnant woman and her partner. The shift from marriage or partnership to the first pregnancy is a major transition point in a womens life. It is also the time that HP can have its biggest effect. Women are open to learning new things and hearing from many different sources about whats best for them during this time. A number of studies have suggested and therefore confirm this theory that the most difficult transition for couples to make is the birth of the first child (Cowan Cowan, 1992). All major transitions involve making changes and a period of disequilibrium. A professional career woman may find the whole process out of her control and be left reeling. Motherhood can significantly challenge a womans sense of identity, revealing a tension between personhood and parenthood. Antenatal classes, media, books etc all play a part in acclimatising the woman to her new role. Other outside influences are the social surroundings. Pregnant women from lower or working classes may not feel they have the same support as those from middle or upper class social areas. They may not reach out to areas of support, including what we consider basic antenatal care. Younger mothers may look at parenthood through rose tinted spectacles, imagining their baby will sleep through the night. While the more mature first time mother is more realistic in her outlook. This is where HP again plays an integral part in educating the woman through sources of media, care and through learning in the community. Expectations and theories have changed greatly over the last 40 years. Older mothers are more common as are teenage mothers. Teenage mothers in the 1960s were sent away to discreetly have their babies, now they are a common part of the community with different needs to that of the older mother. HP has to be aimed at all groups all of the time. It is up to the care giver to facilitate this information at the right level for each individual case. Good quality teaching, support and HPs received well, all contribute to the transition to parenthood, thus increasing the confidence of the new parent. After all, it is one of the most vulnerable times in their life. With successful antenatal learning in place this would then enhance the transition to parenthood and that of attachment. Bowlby (1969) devoted extensive research to the concept of attachment, describing it as a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings Proximity Maintenance The desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. Secure Base The attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation Distress Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure. Bowlby (1969)Bowlby believed that there are four distinguishing characteristics of attachment: These characteristics are learned as children and are what we use when moving from childhood to parenthood. Without a good base we cannot expect new parents to successfully proceed into parenthood without some re-education and the support of quality care givers. In conclusion, the RCM Vision 2000 describes the midwife as a public health practitioner. Midwives have always enhanced, facilitated and supported factors, which promote physical health, psychological, social and spiritual well being for the woman and her immediate family. Some of the key points that should be considered for the future of midwifery HP practice, is that it needs to be clearly defined, national and political recognition of the midwives contribution to public health should be improved and midwives should promote health within the socio-culteral and economic context of how individuals live their everyday lives (Dunkley 2000). Providing antenatal care to woman and fetus demonstrates a unique opportunity to enhance holistic health through advice, guidance, support and social networks where the woman can be offered further specialised care if needed. This assignment has discussed the concept of health and HP, the value of alcohol avoidance and briefly the effects on the pre gnant woman. Beatties and KAB model was used to show the importance that a supportive environment is created in which people can challenge ideas and question beliefs. Beatties model is adaptable and could be applied to many scenarios, the model shows a knowledge of awareness of adult education by provoking a deep understanding of processes and problem solving, and therefore the quality of teaching and the learning process. There are a number of ethical issues involved in parent education. Participants need to be listened to carefully and their questions answered truthfully, which gives a positive effect on the woman and leads to the skills and confidence to take more control over their health.